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Liqueurs

Among some of the oldest spirits, liqueurs are made from a base alcohol that’s distilled or macerated with various ingredients and then sweetened. In general, liqueurs make up to 35 percent sugar by volume, and crème liqueurs such as crème de menthe make up to 40 percent sugar. A liqueur can be herbal (Chartreuse), citrus- or fruit-based (Cointreau), floral (violet-inflected parfait amour), or nut- or seed-based (nocino, made from unripe green walnuts).

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Aperitifs (Spirit-Based)

With the rise of bottles such as Aperol, an Italian bitter orange aperitif made from bitter orange, low-proof, bitter spirit-based aperitifs like Campari have become popular in the US thanks to mixologists’ embrace. Pimm’s No. 1, an English aperitif made with gin, has subtle spice and citrus flavors, and Cynar, made with 13 herbs and plants, including artichokes, is another spirit-based aperitif.

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Aperitifs (Wine-Based)

The term aperitif is commonly used to describe any pre-dinner beverage, but it also specifically refers to a type of drink. These beverages are typically light, dry, and low in alcohol content, with distinctive bitter notes. Around one hundred years ago, bartenders began incorporating wine-based aperitifs into cocktails instead of simply serving them on their own before meals. This category includes quinquinas (or kinas), which contain quinine – a bitter extract derived from cinchona bark with a flavor similar to cinnamon. Some well-known examples include Lillet and Dubonnet. Lillet offers white, rosé, and red variations infused with citrus and subtle herbal flavors, while Dubonnet is a sweet combination of fortified wine, herbs, and spices.

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Wine

Vermouth is an aromatic fortified wine flavored with botanicals. Dry vermouth is a staple in martinis. Sweet vermouth, which is red, is best known as whiskey’s partner in Manhattan. A Bianco or French blanc is slightly sweeter than dry vermouth; a rosé or rosato vermouth is pink with a spicy flavor. Unlike other red vermouths, Cocchi Vermouth di Torino has a drier, more complex flavor.

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Vodka

Many fruits and vegetables can be used as ingredients to make vodka, from grapes to beets. It is traditionally distilled from fermented grains or potatoes, but almost any fruit or vegetable can be used. Flavored vodkas are made by adding ingredients to a neutral spirit; the best macerate citrus, berries, or herbs in high-proof alcohol.

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The Timeless Tale of Beer – A Cocktail Enthusiast’s Perspective

Dive into the fascinating history of beer and its impact on mixology. From ancient Babylonian recipes to modern cocktail innovations, uncover how beer has been a pivotal part of social and culinary evolution, inspiring mixologists and beer enthusiasts alike.